The clash of perspectives underscores the deeper challenge: while some attacks may appear religiously targeted, the broader landscape of Nigerian violence is shaped by overlapping crises — weak governance, poverty, unregulated migration, proliferation of weapons, climate pressures, and the failures of policing and security infrastructure.
Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, continues to grapple with a security crisis that resists simple definitions. Waves of violence — particularly in the Northern and Middle Belt regions — have fuelled global claims of a “genocide against Christians.” From Boko Haram’s long-running insurgency to bandit and militant attacks on rural communities, the human toll is heartbreaking and deeply troubling.
But does this amount to genocide? Advocates insist it does, pointing to attacks on Christian communities, land seizures, and fear-inducing narratives reminiscent of past ethno-religious conflicts. The debate escalated sharply in November, when former US President Donald Trump designated Nigeria a “Country of Particular Concern,” threatening sanctions and even intervention for what he described as the government’s failure to stop the “slaughter of Christians.”
Yet, behind the emotionally charged language lies a complex reality. Many of the drivers of violence — whether banditry, farmer-herder conflicts, resource competition, political grievances, or socioeconomic pressures — are often misunderstood or misrepresented as solely religious. Nigerian government records, independent analyses, and demographics of victims, all show that Muslims, too, suffer extensively from these attacks, complicating the genocide narrative.
Nigeria’s Minister of Information and National Orientation, Mohammed Idris, captured this nuance succinctly: “These criminals target all who reject their murderous ideology, regardless of faith. Muslims, Christians, and even those without religious affiliation, have suffered at their hands.”
This position is echoed by the African Union, ECOWAS, and other regional bodies, which maintain that while Christian communities are undeniably targeted in some attacks, there is no conclusive evidence of state-sanctioned or systematically orchestrated genocide.
Even international voices urging caution agree. US Congresswoman Sara Jacobs warned against framing Nigeria’s violence solely through a religious lens, arguing that doing so risks inflaming tensions and misdiagnosing the drivers of conflict. Nigeria’s president has similarly emphasised that the country is facing insecurity — not a religious war — and that characterising the crisis as a genocide undermines internal cohesion.
Conflicts such as farmer-herder clashes, often framed as religious, are largely rooted in desertification, resource shortages, poverty, and migration patterns. These issues predate contemporary political or religious identities and have intensified due to climate change, economic strain, and weak governance.
He noted that terrorists kill Muslims in large numbers too — citing over 60,000 “liberal Muslims” killed since 2009, according to Intersociety data. The Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) project reports over 53,000 civilian deaths since 2009, with the majority not connected to religious identity.
Still, the genocide debate reached a boiling point during a heated exchange on Piers Morgan Uncensored on 18 November. Nigeria’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Yusuf Tuggar, faced off with Piers Morgan, former Canadian MP Goldi Ghamari, and Reverend Ezekiel Dachomo, who has personally buried dozens of victims. Tuggar pushed back forcefully:
“Over the last five years, only 177 Christians were killed — not 52,000. They do not check IDs for faith before killing. These are bandits, resource wars, herder-farmer disputes — not targeted jihad.”
His critics countered just as sharply. Ghamari accused the Nigerian government of denial, stating: “It is 100 per cent genocide — militants hunt Christians like in ancient Persia, but now with cameras.”
Morgan challenged Tuggar on casualty records and alleged underreporting. Tuggar responded with a warning: pushing religious narratives, he argued, risks igniting a Sudan-style breakup.
“We have seen this playbook before. Nigeria will not be the next South Sudan.”
He noted that terrorists kill Muslims in large numbers too — citing over 60,000 “liberal Muslims” killed since 2009, according to Intersociety data. The Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) project reports over 53,000 civilian deaths since 2009, with the majority not connected to religious identity.
The clash of perspectives underscores the deeper challenge: while some attacks may appear religiously targeted, the broader landscape of Nigerian violence is shaped by overlapping crises — weak governance, poverty, unregulated migration, proliferation of weapons, climate pressures, and the failures of policing and security infrastructure.
In confronting these challenges, Nigerian leaders are calling for cooperation, harmony, dialogue, and prayer — not foreign threats or punitive measures. National sovereignty must be respected, even as Nigeria works with international partners to improve its security strategy.
Al Jazeera and other global outlets caution against uncritically adopting the “genocide” label. Yet, even without the classification, the suffering is undeniable. Whether Christian or Muslim, rural communities are under siege, and the state struggles to respond swiftly or effectively.
International pressure can help, but it must be grounded in accuracy, diplomacy, and a commitment to unity — not narratives that inflame division. What Nigerians need is protection, justice, and accountability — not threats of invasion or policies driven by foreign lobbying.
As voices clash from Abuja to Washington to London, the stakes are enormous. Nigeria’s future depends not on sensational rhetoric but on coordinated action: stronger intelligence-sharing, community peacebuilding, equitable development, and professionalised security responses.
Christians deserve safety. Muslims deserve safety. Every Nigerian deserves safety. The country cannot afford a narrative that pits one group against another, while the real drivers of violence remain unaddressed.
In confronting these challenges, Nigerian leaders are calling for cooperation, harmony, dialogue, and prayer — not foreign threats or punitive measures. National sovereignty must be respected, even as Nigeria works with international partners to improve its security strategy.
Ultimately, the path forward requires truth and balance. Sensational claims may attract global attention, but they seldom solve real problems. What Nigeria needs is unity of purpose and a collective commitment to building peace.
May Almighty God bless Nigeria and guide its leaders toward justice, harmony, and national healing.
Humaid Rabiu Shehu writes from Wuye Abuja. Email: [email protected]
