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“When purchasing land in Nigeria, you need more than just funds in hand, you need the right documents to protect your investment. Going through this process can be overwhelming, which is why it’s essential to understand every step involved. Genuine, verified property listings and proper documentation can save you from unnecessary stress and financial loss.”
This state was made by Arinze Ewuzie
He further highlighted the Requirements to Purchase Land, where he said “Whether you’re buying land in Lagos, Anambra, or any other state in Nigeria, having the right documents is essential. Here are the key papers you’ll need to confirm your purchase is valid:”
Deed of Assignment
This document officially transfers ownership from the seller to the buyer. It includes details about the land, such as its size, location, and the terms of the sale. A Deed of Assignment should be signed, stamped, and registered at the appropriate land registry. Without it, there’s no legal proof of ownership transfer.
Occupancy (C of O)
While not all land has a Certificate of Occupancy, it remains one of the most important documents for land ownership. The C of O shows that the government has granted you the right to use the land for a period (usually 99 years). The most important factor is ensuring the land is not under government acquisition before proceeding with your purchase.
Survey Plan
A survey plan shows the exact location and size of the land you’re buying. It also reveals whether the land is under government acquisition. A licensed surveyor must prepare the survey, and it should be verified at the surveyor-general’s office to ensure its accuracy.
Purchase Receipt
Although it may seem basic, obtaining a receipt after payment is crucial. A purchase receipt serves as evidence that you’ve paid for the land and can be useful in resolving any future disputes.
Letter of Allocation (For Government Land)
If you’re purchasing government land or land from a real estate developer who acquired it from the government, a Letter of Allocation will be included in your documents. This letter confirms that a specific plot of land has been officially allocated to you.
Challenges Faced by Land Buyers in Nigeria, The process of buying land in Nigeria isn’t always smooth. Buyers often encounter challenges that can delay or even derail their transactions.
Here are a few common hurdles:
Omo Onile (Land Grabbers) Issues
Local land grabbers, popularly known as “Omo Onile,” can be a nightmare for buyers, especially in urban areas. They often demand payments for various reasons, such as granting access to build. To avoid this issue, always buy from reputable sellers who have settled any required payments in advance.
Government Acquisition
One of the biggest risks in land purchases is unknowingly buying land under government acquisition. This means the land has been earmarked for government projects, and you won’t be able to develop it. Before making any payments, hire a qualified surveyor to verify that the land is free from government claims.
Forgery of Documents
Fake land documents are a common problem in Nigeria. Some sellers attempt to sell land using forged papers. To avoid falling victim to this, always verify all documents at the appropriate government offices before completing a transaction. Seeking legal assistance is also advisable.
More on Land Acquisition Documents
In addition to the key documents listed earlier, other papers may be required depending on the type of land:
Family Receipt: If you’re buying family land, this document confirms that the family approves the sale.
Agency Agreement (Contract Of Sales): If the land is being sold through an agent, having a written agreement clarifies the agent’s role and prevents misunderstandings.
Power of Attorney: If the seller is not the original owner, this document grants them the legal right to sell on behalf of the actual owner. It should be properly registered.
Buying land in Nigeria doesn’t have to be a nightmare if you know what to look for. The key is to ensure the land is free from government acquisition and verify all necessary documents. While it may seem like a long checklist, each document plays an important role in protecting your investment.
Take your time, verify everything, and seek professional help where necessary. It’s always better to be cautious than to rush into a deal that could lead to financial loss in the future.
Arinze Ewuzie is a seasoned real estate consultant and SEO specialist with a passion for helping clients make informed land investment decisions. As a media manager and realtor at Bukasin Unique Estate, he leverages digital marketing strategies to boost property sales and brand visibility.
Beyond real estate, Arinze is the founder of Ideapify, an SEO platform that educates beginners on ranking websites, and Nzepro.com, a real estate site offering expert tips on land acquisition in Nigeria. His expertise spans Google Ads, social media marketing, and content optimization, making him a go-to professional for businesses looking to increase online visibility and conversions.
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